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"example" of Chinese translation
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example
Chinese
例子
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'To chunk down, use one or more of the following questions:,What is an example of this?,What is a component/part of this?,What/who/where specifically?'
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要进行分组，请使用以下一个或多个问题：,这个例子是什么？,这是什么组成部分？,具体是什么/谁/在哪里？。
'the winner gets a yellow star and those who have participated gets a green star. In each star there would be some traits. For example, you are very kind or you are very patient. At the end of the game, they give those stars to their group members that they feel suits the trait'
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获胜者得黄星，参加比赛者得绿星。每颗星都有一些特征。例如，你很善良或者很耐心。在比赛结束时，他们会把球星交给他们认为适合的队员。
'2.9.3 The first newly built high-speed railway line in china,In 1990s the Chinese government started to develop Personal Dedicated Line (PDL) with the goal of strengthening the passenger transportation among the main cities in China. The slab track system, due to its possibility for high-speed operation and high availability, has derived the attention for the PDL constructions. However, the application of slab track in China was limited on bridges or in tunnels with short length until 2006. There are just three types of slab track systems, which were considered for practical application: the prefabricated slab system, monolithic system (classic ‘Rheda’) and elastically mounted bi-block sleeper system. The slab tracks on long bridges were first put into operation in 1999 on the Qin-Shen railway line (PDL between Qinhuangdao-Shenyang, see figure 1). This line was opened to traffic in 2003 with a total length of 404km. It is an electrified dual-track railway designed for a top speed of 200km/h and the first newly built high-speed railway line in China. By 2007, its top speed was increased to 250km/h and will be further upgraded to 300km/h. Failures, such as loose fasteners and the cracking of the asphalt concrete mortar layer were found during the operation. During the extension of this PDL line in 2003, optimizations were made to reduce these failures. However, there was still no experience to build slab tracks on earthworks. This has let to further,2.9.4 The first high-speed railway test line with uninterrupted slab track,In 2006, Sui-Yu test line was finished, which is the first test line with uninterrupted slab track (see Figure 2.8.1) .The design speed for this section is 200km/h for passenger trains and 140km/h for freight trains. Six different types of slab tracks were built in this railway line with a total length of 13,157kms. They are as follows: a) prefabricated slabs (not coupled), b) prefabricated slabs with elastic matting, c) prefabricated frame slabs (not coupled), d) Prefabricated slabs with longitudinal coupling, e) double-block concrete sleepers and e) prestressed monoblock sleepers1. Apart from realizing the operation of these six types of slab track systems and different types of turnouts on earthworks in this pilot project, the implementation of slab tracks on bridges with a span of more than 80 meters was also discovered.,2.9.5 The Chinese Railway Track System CRTS I, CRTS II,The two types of Chinese railway track CRTS I and CRTS II, were born from 2005 onwards base on the technology transferred from Germany and Japan to accelerate the construction of PDL. The CRTS I slab track system was transferred from the Japanese prefabricated slab track system; the CRTS I bi-block sleeper track system was transferred from ‘Rheda 2000’ (Germany). The CRTS II slab track system was transferred from the prefabricated slabs from Max Bögl (Germany); the CRTS II double-block concrete sleeper system was transferred from ‘Züblin’ (Germany). Table 1 shows the application examples of the CRTS I and II up until the end of 2009'
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2.9.3中国第一条新建高速铁路线,20世纪90年代，中国政府开始发展个人专用线（PDL），目的是加强中国主要城市之间的客运。板式轨道系统由于具有高速运行和高可用性的可能性，引起了人们对PDL建设的关注。然而，直到2006年，我国板式轨道在桥梁和隧道中的应用一直受到限制。实际应用中只考虑了三种板轨系统：预制板系统、整体式系统（经典的“Rheda”）和弹性安装的双块式轨枕系统。1999年，秦沈铁路（秦沈之间的客运专线，见图1）在长桥上首次投入运营。该线路于2003年通车，全长404公里。电气化双轨铁路，设计最高时速200km/h，是我国第一条新建的高速铁路线路。到2007年，最高时速提高到250km/h，并将进一步提高到300km/h，运行中发现紧固件松动、沥青混凝土砂浆层开裂等故障。在2003年对该PDL生产线进行扩展期间，进行了优化以减少这些故障。然而，在土方工程上建造板轨道仍然没有经验。这让我们更进一步,2.9.4第一条不间断板式轨道高速铁路试验线,2006年，绥玉试验线建成，这是第一条不间断板轨试验线（见图2.8.1），该段设计速度为客车200km/h，货车140km/h。本线共修建6条不同类型的板式轨道，全长13157km。具体如下：a）预制板（不耦合），b）弹性垫层预制板，c）预制框架板（不耦合），d）纵向耦合预制板，e）双块混凝土枕木，e）预应力单块睡眠机1。除了在本试验项目中实现了这六种板式轨道系统的运行和土石方上不同类型的道岔外，还发现在跨度超过80米的桥梁上实施了板式轨道。,2.9.5中国铁路轨道系统CRTS I、CRTS II,2005年起，中国铁路一号线和二号线在德国、日本等国为加快客运专线建设而引进的技术基础上诞生。CRTS I板轨道系统从日本预制板轨道系统转移；CRTS I双块式轨枕轨道系统从“Rheda 2000”（德国）转移。CRTS II板轨道系统从Max B_gl（德国）预制板上转移；CRTS II双块混凝土枕系统从“Z_blin”（德国）转移。表1显示了截至2009年底的CRTS I和II的应用示例。
'Introduction,Development of Rail track network forms an essential part of the transportation system of a country and plays a vital role in its economy [1]. Due to its high carrying capacity, railways can play a key role on transporting freight and bulk commodities between major cities, ports and numerous mineral and agricultural industries, apart from carrying passengers in busy urban networks. Railways can also serve as one of the intercontinental means of transport to transport both goods and passengers all over the world if it is highly recognized by the globe. In recent years, the continual competition with road [2], air and water transport in terms of speed, carrying capacity and cost have substantially increased the frequency and axle load of the trains with faster operational speeds. On one hand this implies continuous upgrading of track, and on the other, this imparts inevitable pressure for adopting innovative technology to minimize construction and maintenance costs. Additionally, recent traffic congestion on highways in many countries around the world specially the crowded and major cities has led railways including subways and Metros to become the most popular means of public transportation, which has increased the demand for heavier and faster trains. An introduction of heavy axle loads and high- speed trains in modern railway traffic creates high stresses in the track layers and causes excessive vibrations under dynamic loading due to displacement of track cost by the dynamic loads [3]. Beyond the irritation of the noise is the far more substantial problem of vibrations created by trains. People feel them, and will typically learn to tune them out, but over the longer term these vibrations will cause structural problems to a building, and these can be expensive to repair [4]. In the other hand, those vibrations feels by people will lead to longer-term effect on the health and comfort levels of a person. The consequences of this have caused lower land values and generate more complaints by people residing near the tracks. It can also limit the developments that can be executed. Apart from that, the Communities will be concerned about tracks running close to hospitals, for example, and the effect the vibrations and noise might have on medical equipment and patients at rest can be a cause for concern. To address this issue, governments and the operating bodies of public transport networks are increasingly interested in mitigating not only the noise, but also the vibrations that train networks produce. The European Union regulation (EC) 1304/2014 of European commission and of the council [5] has enforced those measured into law. To avoid such risks and to fulfill the demand of modern rail track design that meet the high demand of safety, affordability, efficiency, high degree of comfort and speed, advanced design type of ballast-less railway track to mitigate vibration and sound known as the floating slab tract (FST) system is developed.'
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介绍,轨道交通网络的发展是一个国家交通运输体系的重要组成部分，对其经济发展起着至关重要的作用[1]。由于铁路运力大，除了在繁忙的城市网络中载客外，铁路还可以在主要城市、港口和众多矿产和农业行业之间运输货物和大宗商品方面发挥关键作用。铁路也可以作为洲际运输工具之一，运输货物和乘客的世界各地，如果它是高度认可的全球。近年来，随着与公路[2]的不断竞争，空运和水运在速度、载客量和成本等方面都大大提高了列车运行速度较快的频率和轴重。一方面，这意味着轨道的不断升级，另一方面，这给采用创新技术以最小化建设和维护成本带来了不可避免的压力。此外，最近世界许多国家的公路交通拥堵，特别是拥挤的大城市，导致包括地铁和地铁在内的铁路成为最受欢迎的公共交通工具，增加了对更重更快列车的需求。在现代铁路交通中引入重轴荷载和高速列车会在轨道层产生高应力，并在动态荷载下由于动态荷载引起轨道位移而产生过度振动[3]。除了噪音的刺激之外，还有火车产生的振动问题。人们会感觉到它们，并且通常会学会将它们排除在外，但从长远来看，这些振动会给建筑带来结构问题，而且这些问题的维修成本很高[4]。另一方面，人们感受到的振动将对一个人的健康和舒适水平产生长期影响。这一结果导致了土地价值的降低，并引起了居住在铁轨附近的人们更多的抱怨。它还可以限制可以执行的开发。除此之外，例如，社区将关注在医院附近运行的轨道，振动和噪音可能对医疗设备和休息的患者产生的影响可能会引起关注。为了解决这个问题，政府和公共交通网络的运营机构越来越感兴趣，不仅要缓解噪音，还要缓解列车网络产生的振动。欧盟委员会和理事会的欧盟条例（EC）1304/2014[5]已强制将这些纳入法律。为了避免此类风险，满足现代轨道设计对安全性、经济性、效率、舒适性和速度的高要求，开发了先进的无碴轨道设计类型，以减轻振动和声音，称为浮板轨道（FST）系统。。